This paper provides the application of deep learning models such as Long Short-Term
Memory (LSTM) and a recently proposed Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) in forecasting the …

The ionospheric total electron content (TEC) is an important ionospheric parameter, and it is
widely utilized in research such as space weather prediction and precise positioning …

This paper briefly reviews studies of thermospheric neutral wind dynamics over the African
region. The literature includes a review of the observations of neutral winds over five African …

The rapid evolutions in artificial intelligence and the machine learning era have significantly
improved accuracy for ionospheric space weather forecasting models. The ionospheric total …

To further improve the prediction accuracy of the critical frequency of the ionospheric F2
layer (fo F2), we use the machine learning method (ML) to establish an explanatory dynamic …

This paper presents the development of a storm‐time total electron content (TEC) model
over the African sector for the first time. The storm criterion used was| Dst|≥ 50 nT and Kp≥ …

Abstract Regional ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) models are most significant to
investigate the variability of ionosphere during all-weather conditions. Since the ground …

Abstract The International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) is the most widely used empirical
model for presenting ionosphere parameters like Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) or …

Ionosphere plays crucial role in satellite communication as well as the modern space-based
positioning, navigation and timing applications. Progressive exploitation of ground and …

One of the largest errors in Global Positioning System (GPS)/Global Navigation Satellite
System (GNSS) positioning is attributable to the ionosphere. The ionosphere is a part of …