Neural tube defects are severe congenital malformations affecting around one in every 1000
pregnancies. An innovation in clinical management has come from the finding that closure of …

Frizzled proteins are the principal receptors for the Wnt family of ligands. They mediate
canonical Wnt signaling together with Lrp5 and Lrp6 coreceptors. In conjunction with Celsr …

Neural tube defects (NTDs), including spina bifida and anencephaly, represent the most
severe and common malformations of the central nervous system affecting 0.7–3 per 1000 …

Frizzled receptors are the mediators of the wnt canonical and non-canonical pathways,
which play fundamental roles in cell differentiation and organism development. A large body …

Gastrulation and neurulation are successive morphogenetic processes that play key roles in
shaping the basic embryonic body plan. Importantly, they operate through common cellular …

A variety of human birth defects originate in failure of closure of the embryonic neural tube.
The genetic cause of the most common nonsyndromic defects, spina bifida (SB) or …

Objective This revised guideline is intended to provide an update on the genetic aspects,
prevention, screening, diagnosis, and management of fetal neural tube defects. Target …

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic yield of whole-exome
sequencing (WES) in fetuses with ultrasound anomalies that resulted in fetal demise or …

Planar cell polarity (PCP) is complementary to the intrinsic polarization of single cells and
refers to the global coordination of cell behaviour in the plane of a tissue and, by extension …

Convergent extension is a fundamental morphogenetic process that underlies not only the
generation of the elongated vertebrate body plan from the initially radially symmetrical …