Due to demographic changes, a growing number of elderly patients with comorbidities will
require spine surgery in the next decades. However, age and multimorbidity have been …

Background: Frailty is recognized as a surrogate for physiological age and has been
established as a valid and independent predictor of postoperative morbidity, mortality, and …

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the complicated relationship between
frailty, perioperative complications, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in elderly patients …

Background Adult cervical deformity (ACD) surgery is more frequently being performed in
frail patients. Although surgical outcomes are largely successful, there remains significant …

Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Objectives Using propensity match score to
remove those confounding bias and focuses on age factor to compare clinical outcomes and …

BACKGROUND CONTEXT With an increasingly older population, the number of frail
patients requiring surgical management for degenerative spine diseases is rapidly …

Introduction Low testosterone (T) is linked with frailty, which predicts poor postoperative
recovery across many surgical procedures. Therefore, low T may impact perioperative …

Frailty, characterized by an impaired physiological state with reduced reserve and increased
vulnerability to stressors, presents significant challenges in managing patients with various …