Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common cause of vaginitis worldwide and is associated with
serious reproductive health outcomes, including increased risk of preterm birth, sexually …

Objective The vaginal microbiota in bacterial vaginosis (BV) typically has low abundance of
lactic acid producing lactobacilli. Lactic acid has properties that may make it effective for …

The genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) describes signs and symptoms resulting
from effects of estrogen deficiency on the female genitourinary tract, including the vagina …

Introduction Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) is a chronic condition caused by estrogen
deficiency. It affects around 50% of postmenopausal women, reducing their general and …

HPVs representing the most common sexually transmitted disease are a group of
carcinogenic viruses with different oncogenic potential. The immune system and the vaginal …

Background Prevotella species are commonly isolated from the reproductive tract of women
with obstetric/gynecologic health complications. However, contributions of this genus to …

Background A range of personal lubricants with different formulations and subsequent
properties are available for relief of discomfort associated with vaginal dryness; however …

We compared the effect of commercial vaginal douching products on Lactobacillus
crispatus, L. jensenii, L. gasseri, L. iners, E. coli, and immortalized vaginal epithelial cells …

Methods This narrative review used PubMed to search for English-language articles related
to postmenopausal dyspareunia. Search terms included, but were not limited to …

Background Vaginal lubricants are commonly used during gynecological examinations,
during sexual activities, or to alleviate vaginal dryness. Many lubricants contain potentially …