Hundreds of land plant lineages have independently evolved separate sexes in either
gametophytes (dioicy) or sporophytes (dioecy), but 43% of all dioecious angiosperms are …

The diversity of inflorescences among flowering plants is captivating. Such charm is not only
due to the variety of sizes, shapes, colors, and flowers displayed, but also to the range of …

Although hundreds of plant lineages have independently evolved dioecy (that is, separation
of the sexes), the underlying genetic basis remains largely elusive. Here we show that …

Background Sex chromosomes have arisen independently in a wide variety of species, yet
they share common characteristics, including the presence of suppressed recombination …

Reference-quality genomes of both sexes are essential for studying sex determination and
sex-chromosome evolution, as their gene contents and expression profiles differ. Here, we …

Societal Impact Statement Syntheses clearly show that global warming is affecting
ecosystems and biodiversity around the world. New methods and measures are needed to …

The number of dioecious species for which the genetic basis of sex determination has been
resolved is rapidly increasing. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms downstream of the …

Sex determination systems in plants can involve either female or male heterogamety (ZW or
XY, respectively). Here we used Illumina short reads, Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) …

Background Sex chromosomes have evolved independently multiple times in eukaryotes
and are therefore considered a prime example of convergent genome evolution. Sex …

Populus is an effective model for genetic studies in trees. The genus Populus includes
dioecious species, and the differences exhibited in males and females have been …