Cardiac fibrosis is mediated by the activation of resident cardiac fibroblasts, which
differentiate into myofibroblasts in response to injury or stress. Although myofibroblast …

Mitochondria are the key energy-producing organelles and cellular source of reactive
species. They are responsible for managing cell life and death by a balanced homeostasis …

Alterations of mitochondrial functions are linked to multiple degenerative or acute diseases.
As mitochondria age in our cells, they become progressively inefficient and potentially toxic …

Neurons are critically dependent on mitochondrial integrity based on specific morphological,
biochemical, and physiological features. They are characterized by high rates of metabolic …

Irrespective of the morphological features of end-stage cell death (that may be apoptotic,
necrotic, autophagic, or mitotic), mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) is …

Mitophagy, the selective engulfment and clearance of mitochondria, is essential for the
homeostasis of a healthy network of functioning mitochondria and prevents excessive …

Calcium ions are highly versatile intracellular signals that regulate many cellular processes.
The key to achieving this pleiotropic role is the spatiotemporal control of calcium …

Mutations in E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin have been linked to familial Parkinson's disease.
Accumulating evidence suggests that Parkin is a tumor suppressor, but the underlying …

Simple Summary The metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids is essential to meet the
diverse needs of cells. The autophagy cellular pathway is crucial for normal cellular function …

The receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3 play important
roles in necroptosis that are closely linked to the inflammatory response. Although the …