Importance With a prevalence of 4% to 13% in the United States, autoimmune thyroiditis
(AIT) is a major health problem. Besides somatic complications, patients with AIT can also …

The study of sexual dimorphism in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders is
challenging due to the complex interplay of diverse biological, psychological, and social …

There is extensive bi-directional communication between the brain and the immune system
in both health and disease. In recent years, the role of an altered immune system in the …

The normal function of the nervous system is conditioned by the undisturbed function of the
thyroid gland and its hormones. Comprehensive clinical manifestations, including …

Abstract Purpose of Review To describe the clinical manifestations of Hashimoto's
encephalopathy (HE) and discuss its pathogenesis in light of recent research. Recent …

The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
pandemic highlighted the serious problems of health care systems but also threatened the …

Background: Thyroid hormones are necessary for fetal brain development, and
hypothyroidism in adults has been associated with mood symptoms and reduced quality of …

Objective: Many hypothyroid subjects receiving L-thyroxine (L-T4) complain of psychological
symptoms or cognitive dysfunction. However, there is limited validated information on these …

Background Although the interactions between lithium treatment and thyroid function have
long been recognised, their clinical relevance is still controversial. This paper sets out a …

Objective The aim of this study was to examine the current prevalence of major depression
and anxiety disorders in patients with euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and euthyroid …