Adaptation of the nervous system to different chemical and physiologic conditions is
important for the homeostasis of brain processes and for learning and remembering …

The purpose of this review is to present animal research models that can be used to screen
and/or repurpose medications for the treatment of alcohol abuse and dependence. The …

The current article highlights key issues in defining, studying, and treating addiction, a
concept related to but distinct from substance use disorders. The discussion is based upon a …

Background A number of studies have shown that acetaldehyde synthesized in the brain is
necessary to induce ethanol (EtOH) reinforcement in naïve animals (acquisition phase) …

Background Published findings indicate that acetaldehyde (ACD; the first metabolite of
ethanol [E t OH]) and salsolinol (SAL; formed through the nonenzymatic condensation of …

Chronic ethanol intake results in brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which have
been postulated to perpetuate alcohol intake and to induce alcohol relapse. The present …

This review analyzes literature that describes the behavioral effects of 2 metabolites of
ethanol (EtOH): acetaldehyde and salsolinol (a condensation product of acetaldehyde and …

Ethanol is oxidized in the brain to acetaldehyde, which can condense with dopamine to
generate (R/S)‐salsolinol [(RS)‐SAL]. Racemic salsolinol [(RS)‐SAL] is self‐infused by rats …

Previous studies suggest that acetaldehyde generated from ethanol in the brain is
reinforcing. The present studies tested the feasibility of achieving a long‐term reduction of …

Aims: Ethanol (EtOH) activates the mesolimbic dopamine system and increases dopamine
levels in the nucleus accumbens (nAc), which is believed to underlie the rewarding effects of …