All light has structure, but only recently has it been possible to control it in all its degrees of
freedom and dimensions, fuelling fundamental advances and applications alike. Here we …

In recent years, there has been a rising interest in high‐dimensional quantum states and
their impact on quantum communication. Indeed, the availability of an enlarged Hilbert …

The photonic spin Hall effect (SHE) refers to the transverse spin separation of photons with
opposite spin angular momentum, after the beam passes through an optical interface or …

Vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) has been widely explored in optical
and microwave regions attributed to its potential characteristics in communication systems …

Controlling the various degrees‐of‐freedom (DoFs) of structured light at both quantum and
classical levels is of paramount importance in optics. It is a conventional paradigm to treat …

Vector vortex beams have attracted considerable research attention owing to their unique
optical properties, and have been explored in vortex filtering, photon entanglement, and the …

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) has aroused a widespread interest in many fields,
especially in telecommunications due to its potential for unleashing new capacity in the …

An optical vortex having an isolated point singularity is associated with the spatial structure
of light waves. A polarization vortex (vector beam) with a polarization singularity has …

This article reviews recent progress leading to the generation of optical vortex beams. After
introducing the basics of optical vortex beams and their promising applications, we …

Orbital angular momentum (OAM), which describes the “phase twist”(helical phase pattern)
of light beams, has recently gained interest due to its potential applications in many diverse …