External validity captures the extent to which inferences drawn from a given study's sample
apply to a broader population or other target populations. Social scientists frequently invoke …

Researchers interested in climate change communication have investigated how people
respond to messages about it. Through meta-analysis, the current research synthesizes the …

Researchers have increasingly turned to online convenience samples as sources of survey
responses that are easy and inexpensive to collect. As reliance on these sources has grown …

Social media are often criticized for being a conduit for misinformation on global health
issues, but may also serve as a corrective to false information. To investigate this possibility …

Scholars, policy makers, and the general public have expressed growing concern about the
possibility of large-scale political violence in the United States. Prior research substantiates …

Political scientists often criticize psychological approaches to the study of politics on the
grounds that many psychological theories were developed on convenience samples of …

Most psychological studies rely on student samples. Students are usually considered as
more homogenous than representative samples both within and across countries. However …

Survey experiments are ubiquitous in social science. A frequent critique is that positive
results in these studies stem from experimenter demand effects (EDEs)—bias that occurs …

Survey experiments have become a central methodology across the social sciences.
Researchers can combine experiments' causal power with the generalizability of population …

Americans today are affectively polarized: they dislike and distrust those from the opposing
political party more than they did in the past, with damaging consequences for their …