Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are both the savior and Achilles' heel of kidney transplantation.
Although CNIs have significantly reduced rates of acute rejection, their numerous toxicities …

The calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) tacrolimus and cyclosporine are widely used
immunosuppressive drugs characterized by high pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic …

ABSTRACT Introduction: Tacrolimus (Tac) is effective in preventing acute rejection but has
considerable toxicity and inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetics and …

With current treatment regimens, a relatively high proportion of transplant recipients
experience underimmunosuppression or overimmunosuppression. Recently, several …

Membrane transporters play an essential role in the pharmacokinetics of drugs as they
mediate exchanges between biological compartments. Tacrolimus is characterized by wide …

In association with therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs,
pharmacogenetics has rapidly emerged as an additional tool to refine dose selection or …

Introduction In kidney transplantation, tacrolimus (TAC) is at the cornerstone of current
immunosuppressive strategies. Though because of its narrow therapeutic index, it is critical …

Background Common genetic variants of the enzymes and efflux pump involved in
tacrolimus disposition have been associated with calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity, but …

Tacrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor characterized by a narrow therapeutic index and high
intra-and inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability. Therapeutic drug monitoring in whole …

Despite significant improvement in the rates of acute allograft rejection, proportionate
improvements in kidney allograft longevity have not been realized, and are a source of …