The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) translocon complex is the main gate into the secretory
pathway, facilitating the translocation of nascent peptides into the ER lumen or their …

Highlights•Biological complexes with molecular weights of< 100 kDa can be resolved to
high resolution using single-particle cryo-EM.•Advances in sample grid freezing and …

The translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) is the main entry gate for
proteins,,–. Here we use cryo-electron microscopy to report the structure of the yeast TOM …

The Sec61 complex forms a protein-conducting channel in the endoplasmic reticulum
membrane that is required for secretion of soluble proteins and production of many …

Many proteins are transported into the endoplasmic reticulum by the universally conserved
Sec61 channel. Post-translational transport requires two additional proteins, Sec62 and …

Proteins are secreted from eukaryotic cells by several mechanisms besides the well-
characterized classical secretory system. Proteins destined to enter the classical secretory …

Mitochondria import nearly all of their approximately 1,000–2,000 constituent proteins from
the cytosol across their double-membrane envelope,,,–. Genetic and biochemical studies …

Signal peptides (SPs) are N‐terminus sequences on the nascent polypeptide for protein
export or localization delivery, which are essential for maintaining cell function. SPs are also …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major site for protein synthesis, folding, and maturation
in eukaryotic cells, responsible for production of secretory proteins and most integral …

Protein secretion in eukaryotes and prokaryotes involves a universally conserved protein
translocation channel formed by the Sec61 complex. Unrelated small-molecule natural …