Background In epidemics of highly infectious diseases, such as Ebola, severe acute
respiratory syndrome (SARS), or coronavirus (COVID‐19), healthcare workers (HCW) are at …

Abstract Introduction Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are expected to be affected by a
pandemic outbreak. However, the available data about trends and extents of these effects is …

BackgroundParamedics respond to emergency scenes in often uncontrolled settings without
being aware of potential risks. This makes paramedicine one of the most dangerous …

Rigorous assessment of occupational COVID-19 risk and personal protective equipment
(PPE) use is not well-described. We evaluated 9-1-1 emergency medical services (EMS) …

On 21 February, the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases were diagnosed in
Lombardy and Veneto regions of northern Italy. During the subsequent days, the number of …

Both the naturally occurring and deliberate release of a biological agent in a population can
bring catastrophic consequences. Although these bioevents have similarities with other …

Amidst a pandemic, operators of emergency medical service (EMS) systems aim at
upholding service at sufficiently low response times while reducing the infection probability …

Background The aim was to investigate attitudes and stressors related to the SARS-CoV-2
outbreak among emergency medical services (EMS) workers in Germany. We further aimed …

Background: Although first responders (FRs) represent a high-risk group for exposure, little
information is available regarding their risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) …

Background Viral epidemics have negative and sometimes extreme impacts on
psychological well-being, particularly in health care workers. Studies have reported higher …