Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

The use of implants that can electrically stimulate or record electrophysiological or
neurochemical activity in nervous tissue is rapidly expanding. Despite remarkable results in …

Although the core concept of remyelination—based on the activation, migration, proliferation
and differentiation of CNS progenitors—has not changed over the past 20 years, our …

Depression is a common mental illness, affecting more than 300 million people worldwide.
Decades of investigation have yielded symptomatic therapies for this disabling condition but …

INTRODUCTION The mammalian neocortex, with its distinctive six-layered structure, is
thought to enable advanced cognitive functions not seen in other animals. Yet birds, which …

The CNS is prone to heterogeneous insults of diverse etiologies that elicit multifaceted
responses. Acute and focal injuries trigger wound repair with tissue replacement. Diffuse …

Every cell in nature carries a rich surface coat of glycans, its glycocalyx, which constitutes
the cell's interface with its environment. In eukaryotes, the glycocalyx is composed of …

Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is a major heterogeneous brain
disease caused by multiple factors, and it is the second most common type of dementia in …

The adult CNS contains an abundant population of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (NG2+
cells) that generate oligodendrocytes and repair myelin, but how these ubiquitous …

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are a population of tissue-resident glial cells found
throughout the CNS, constituting approximately 5% of all CNS cells and persisting from …