The resistance of many types of cancer to conventional chemotherapies is a major factor
undermining successful cancer treatment. In this review, the role of a signal transduction …

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in coordinating
innate and adaptive immunity, inflammation, and apoptotic cell death. NF-κB is activated by …

Intrinsic (innate) and acquired (adaptive) resistance to chemotherapy critically limits the
outcome of cancer treatments. For many years, it was assumed that the interaction of a drug …

In response to DNA damage, ataxia-telangiectasia mutant and ataxia-telangiectasia and
Rad-3 activate p53, resulting in either cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. We report here that DNA …

Oncostatin M is a secreted cytokine involved in homeostasis and in diseases involving
chronic inflammation. It is a member of the gp130 family of cytokines that have pleiotropic …

When activated, the serine/threonine kinase AKT mediates an antiapoptotic signal
implicated in chemoresistance of various cancers. The mechanism (s) of AKT activation are …

Oxidant injury activates the neuroprotective pathway represented by phosphatidylinositol 3
kinase (PI3K) and Akt. However, the final outcome of oxidant exposure is often associated …

Neutrophil apoptosis occurs both in the bloodstream and in the tissue and is considered
essential for the resolution of an inflammatory process. Here, we show that p38–mitogen …

In order to elucidate the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinases, including JNK, p38
MAPK and ERK, as well as the survival-associated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, in the …

This study was designed to elucidate the mechanisms leading to down-regulation of the
Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) survival pathway during H 2 O 2-induced cell death. H 2 O 2 …