Biliary stones represent the most common indication for therapeutic endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography. Many cases are successfully managed with biliary …

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has evolved from a primarily
diagnostic to therapeutic procedure in hepatobiliary and pancreatic disease. Most …

Background & Aims It is not clear whether digital single-operator cholangioscopy (D-SOC)
with electrohydraulic and laser lithotripsy is effective in removal of difficult biliary stones. We …

Background Peroral cholangioscopy (POCS) of indeterminate biliary strictures aims to
achieve a diagnosis through visual examination and/or by obtaining targeted biopsies under …

Background Peroral cholangioscopy (POCS) can be useful for difficult bile duct stone
clearance. Large prospective multinational data on POCS-guided lithotripsy for clearing …

Background and Aims Digital single-operator cholangioscopy (DSOC) allows direct
visualization of the biliary tree for evaluation of biliary strictures. Our objective was to assess …

Background Endoscopic papillary large-balloon dilation (EPLBD) allows for the complete
removal of large common bile duct (CBD) stones without fragmentation; however, a …

Due to the need for improvement in the diagnosis and minimally invasive therapy of the bile
duct disorders new technologies for cholangioscopy have been recently developed. Per-oral …

Background Peroral cholangioscopy with intraductal lithotripsy facilitates optically guided
stone fragmentation of difficult biliary stones refractory to conventional endoscopic therapy …

Peroral cholangioscopy (POC) is an endoscopic procedure that allows direct intraductal
visualization of the biliary tract. POC has emerged as a vital tool for indeterminate biliary …