The new and increasingly studied concept of immunogenic cell death (ICD) revealed a
previously unknown perspective of the various regulated cell death (RCD) modalities …

Background: Thymosin α1 (Tα1), a synthetic version of a thymic-derived biological response
modifier was the first of the thymosins in clinical use. Tα1 is approved in over 35 countries for …

Oxidative stress, perturbations in the cellular thiol level and redox balance, affects many
cellular functions, including signaling pathways. This, in turn, may cause the induction of …

Revised Manuscript Received August 7, 1995® abstract: Prothymosin is an acidic protein
with an unusual amino acid composition. Though its exact function is not yet known, its high …

Prothymosin α has previously been shown to be unfolded at neutral pH, thus belonging to a
growing family of “natively unfolded” proteins. The structural properties and conformational …

Inside cells, the concentration of macromolecules can reach up to 400 g/L. In such crowded
environments, proteins are expected to behave differently than in vitro. It has been shown …

Abstract Thymosin alpha 1 (Ta1) is a peptide originally isolated from thymic tissue as the
compound responsible for restoring immune function to thymectomized mice. Ta1 has a …

The Thymosins Page 278 7 The Thymosins Prothymosin, Parathymosin, and-Thymosins:
Structure and Function Ewald Hannappel and Thomas Huff Institute for Biochemistry/Faculty …

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are used intensively. Thanks to their extremely
small size (1–100 nm), TiO2-NPs are more absorbable by living organisms; consequently …

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disease, and its incidence continues to rise.
Although scientists have studied this disease for many years and discovered the potential …