Owing to their ability to efficiently generate ATP required to sustain normal cell function,
mitochondria are often considered the 'powerhouses of the cell'. However, our …

The clearance of apoptotic cells by professional and non-professional phagocytes—a
process termed 'efferocytosis'—is essential for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis …

Macroautophagy (referred to here as autophagy) is induced by starvation to capture and
degrade intracellular proteins and organelles in lysosomes, which recycles intracellular …

Antigenic peptide-loaded MHC class II molecules (peptide–MHC class II) are constitutively
expressed on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles released by donor cells that can be taken up
by recipient cells. Despite their discovery decades ago, it has only recently become …

Collaborative efforts from the fields of biology, materials science, and engineering are
leading to exciting progress in the development of nanomedicines. Since the targets of many …

Being deeply connected to signalling, cell dynamics, growth, regulation, and defence,
endocytic processes are linked to almost all aspects of cell life and disease. In this review …

Lysosomes are ubiquitous membrane-bound intracellular organelles with an acidic interior.
They are central for degradation and recycling of macromolecules delivered by endocytosis …

Efficient sorting of the material internalized by endocytosis is essential for key cellular
functions and represents a, if not the, major trafficking pathway in mammalian cells …

With more than ten new FDA approvals since 2001, peptides are emerging as an important
therapeutic alternative to small molecules. However, unlike small molecules, peptides on the …