A wide variety of insects use spatial memories in behaviours like holding a position in air or
flowing water, in returning to a place of safety, and in foraging. The Hymenoptera, in …

The ability to learn the location of places in the world and to revisit them repeatedly is crucial
for all aspects of animal life on earth. It underpins animal foraging, predator avoidance …

Honeybees use visual cues to relocate profitable food sources and their hive. What bees
see while navigating, depends on the appearance of the cues, the bee's current position …

Insects can navigate efficiently in both novel and familiar environments, and this requires
flexiblity in how they are guided by sensory cues. A prominent landmark, for example, can …

Background Insects are known to rely on terrestrial landmarks for navigation. Landmarks are
used to chart a route or pinpoint a goal. The distant panorama, however, is often thought not …

In order to protect their food from competitors, ball-rolling dung beetles detach a piece of
dung from a pile, shape it into a ball, and roll it away along a straight path [1]. They appear to …

Many animals learn to follow habitual routes between important locations, but how they
encode their routes is still largely unknown. Desert ants traveling between their nest and a …

Rats trained to relocate a particular corner in a rectangular arena systematically confound
the correct corner and the diametrically opposite one—this rotational error demonstrates the …

Animals use information from multiple sources in order to navigate between goals [1]. Ants
such as Cataglyphis fortis use an odometer and a sun-based compass to provide input for …

Individual foraging ants are known to rely on views of their surroundings for route learning
and for pinpointing goals. Different strategies have been proposed to explain how ants might …