Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease associated to oxidative stress
and endothelial dysfunction. Oxidation of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is one of …

The renin-angiotensin system is a central component of the physiological and pathological
responses of cardiovascular system. Its primary effector hormone, angiotensin II (ANG II), not …

Angiotensin (Ang) II, the main effector of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), is one of the
major mediators of vascular remodeling in hypertension. Besides being a potent vasoactive …

The impact of vascular risk factors on cognitive function has garnered much interest in recent
years. The appropriate distribution of oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients by the cerebral …

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ is a nuclear receptor and transcription
factor in the steroid superfamily. PPAR-γ agonists, the thiazolidinediones, are clinically used …

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor subtype γ (PPARγ) ligands, namely the
synthetic insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinedione (TZD) compounds, have demonstrated great …

Endothelial cells exert an enormous influence on blood vessels throughout the circulation,
but their impact is particularly pronounced in the brain. New concepts have emerged …

The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a member in the nuclear
receptor superfamily which mediates part of the regulatory effects of dietary fatty acids on …

The study of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress remains a very active area
of biological research, particularly in relation to cellular signaling and the role of ROS in …

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are members of the nuclear hormone
receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Three PPAR isoforms …