Intercellular communication mediated by cytokines is the main mechanism by which cells of
the immune system talk to each other. Many aspects of cytokine signalling in the immune …

The lymph node is a highly structured organ that mediates the body's adaptive immune
response to antigens and other foreign particles. Central to its function is the distinct spatial …

A fraction of mature T cells can be activated by peripheral self-antigens, potentially eliciting
host autoimmunity. We investigated homeostatic control of self-activated T cells within …

Experimentally accessible tools to replicate the complex biological events of in vivo organs
offer the potential to reveal mechanisms of disease and potential routes to therapy. In …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) human tissue models/microphysiological systems (eg,
organs-on-chips, organoids, and tissue explants) model HIV and related comorbidities and …

Organs-on-chip are gaining increasing attention as promising platforms for drug screening
and testing applications. However, lymph nodes-on-chip options remain limited although the …

The oxygen gradient across the intestine influences intestinal physiology and the microbial
environment of the microbiome. The microbiome releases metabolites that communicate …

Long-term remission in cancer patients treated with ex vivo bona fide M1-induced
macrophages has been poor, and the reasons behind this are not understood. Injected M1 …

Islet transplantation is a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes. However, treatment failure
can result from loss of functional cells associated with cell dispersion, low viability, and …

Melatonin is an important hormone whose functions span from regulating circadian rhythm
in the brain to providing anti-inflammatory properties in the immune system. Melatonin …