Cancer is a complex disease whose outcome depends largely on the cross-talk between the
tumor and its microenvironment. Here, we review the evolution of the field of tumor …

Nanocarriers (NC) are very promising tools for cancer immunotherapy. Whereas
conventional vaccines are based on the administration of an antigen and an adjuvant in an …

Due to the success of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in recent years, the
pathological outcome of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has …

Sepsis is a disease of dysfunctional immune response against the pathogen causing a
profound immune-mediated damage to the vital organs and death of the patient in most …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) can self-renew and differentiate, contributing to tumor
heterogeneity, metastasis, and recurrence. Their resistance to therapies, including …

Background: Tumours are no longer regarded as isolated masses of aberrantly proliferating
epithelial cells. Rather, their properties depend on complex interactions between epithelial …

Background Caspase 3 is not only involved in apoptosis, but also participates in the
nonapoptotic functions. Previously, we found that caspase 3 gene knockout mice displayed …

Previously, it was found that several proteins of Haemonchus contortus were involved in the
stimulation of the host immune system. However, the information about the selection of …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells that play an important role in
the induction of T cell responses. Different subsets (cDC1s, cDC2s, pDCs, and moDCs) …

Dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with tumor‑associated antigens (TAAs) are known to be crucial
for the antitumor response and are still included in various treatment regimens in cancer …