High heterogeneity of macrophage is associated with its functions in polarization to different
functional phenotypes depending on environmental cues. Macrophages remain in balanced …

Microglial cells are the resident macrophages in the central nervous system. These cells of
mesodermal/mesenchymal origin migrate into all regions of the central nervous system …

Myelin degeneration occurs in neurodegenerative diseases and aging. In these conditions,
resident oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) differentiate into oligodendrocytes that …

Purinergic signaling plays important roles in control of vascular tone and remodeling. There
is dual control of vascular tone by ATP released as a cotransmitter with noradrenaline from …

Purinergic neurotransmission, involving release of ATP as an efferent neurotransmitter was
first proposed in 1972. Later, ATP was recognised as a cotransmitter in peripheral nerves …

The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Olig1 promotes oligodendrocyte maturation
and is required for myelin repair. We characterized an Olig1-regulated G protein–coupled …

Nerve regeneration in adult mammalian spinal cord is poor because of the lack of intrinsic
regeneration of neurons and extrinsic factors–the glial scar is triggered by injury and inhibits …

Purinergic signalling appears to play important roles in neurodegeneration, neuroprotection
and neuroregeneration. Initially there is a brief summary of the background of purinergic …

Inflammation is a classical host defence response to infection and injury that has many
beneficial effects. However, inappropriate (in time, place and magnitude) inflammation is …

As human life expectancy has improved rapidly in industrialized societies, age-related
cognitive impairment presents an increasing challenge. Targeting histopathological …