Virtual reality (VR) started about 50 years ago in a form we would recognize today [stereo
head-mounted display (HMD), head tracking, computer graphics generated images] …

Virtual reality simulators provide basic skills training without supervision in a controlled
environment, free of pressure of operating on patients. Skills obtained through virtual reality …

Methods: This is a scoping review study conducted in 2016. Articles were retrieved through
the search of related keywords in databases such as Pub Med, Scopus, Web of Sciences …

Virtual reality (VR) is the three-dimensional digital representation of a real or imagined
space with interactive capabilities. The application of VR for organizational training …

Background This review aims to examine the existing literature to address currently used
virtual, augmented, and mixed reality modalities in the areas of preoperative surgical …

Background Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has become the standard for lung
cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, this surgical technique requires specific and …

OBJECTIVES Extended reality (XR), encompassing both virtual reality (VR) and augmented
reality, allows the user to interact with a computer-generated environment based on reality …

The perceived effectiveness of an IVRLE may distinguish depending on the previous
knowledge learners. The purpose of this research is to investigate the features of an …

BackgroundThe current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has caused unprecedented
challenges to surgical training across the world. With the widespread cancellations of …

Simulation has emerged as a feasible adjunct to surgical education and training for most
specialties. It provides trainees with an immersive, realistic way to learn a variety of skills in a …