A proper dialogue between spermatozoa and the egg is essential for conception of a new
individual in sexually reproducing animals. Ca2+ is crucial in orchestrating this unique event …

Climate change is a threat to marine biota because increased atmospheric CO2 is causing
ocean warming, acidification, hypercapnia and decreased carbonate saturation. These …

Global warming and increased atmospheric CO2 are causing the oceans to warm, decrease
in pH and become hypercapnic. These stressors have deleterious impacts on marine …

Sperm motility is necessary for the transport of male DNA to eggs in species with both
external and internal fertilization. Flagella comprise several proteins for generating and …

Sperm motility is linked to the activation of signaling pathways that trigger movement. These
pathways are mainly dependent on Ca2+, which acts as a secondary messenger. The …

Intracellular pH (pHi) regulation is essential for cell function. Notably, several unique sperm
ion transporters and enzymes whose elimination causes infertility are either pHi dependent …

The sperm‐specific CatSper channel controls the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+] i)
and, thereby, the swimming behaviour of sperm. In humans, CatSper is directly activated by …

The molecular mechanisms underlying Ca2+ entry into sperm are now much more well
defined thanks to direct recordings of mature sperm cells. This article reviews the function of …

Climate change driven ocean acidification and hypercapnia may have a negative impact on
fertilization in marine organisms because of the narcotic effect these stressors exert on …

Marine invertebrate gametes are being spawned into an ocean simultaneously warming,
acidifying and increasing in pCO2. Decreased pH/increased pCO2 narcotizes sperm …