The discovery of immune checkpoint proteins such as PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA-4 represents a
significant breakthrough in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, humanized …

The main breakthrough in tumor immunotherapy was the discovery of immune checkpoint
(IC) proteins, which act as a potent suppressor of the immune system by a myriad of …

Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy has become a promising therapeutic
strategy with encouraging therapeutic outcomes due to their durable anti-tumor effects …

Tumor-specific CD8+ T cells are exposed to persistent antigenic stimulation which induces a
dysfunctional state called “exhaustion.” Though functioning to limit damage caused by …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is among the most immune-resistant tumor types.
Its unique genomic landscape shaped by oncogenic drivers promotes immune suppression …

Importance New therapeutic options for patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal
adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) are needed. This study evaluated dual checkpoint combination …

Cancer vaccines, which are designed to amplify tumour-specific T cell responses through
active immunization, have long been envisioned as a key tool of effective cancer …

The past decade of cancer research has been marked by a growing appreciation of the role
of immunity in cancer. Mutations in the tumour genome can cause tumours to express …

Immune checkpoint blockade targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has promising therapeutic efficacy in a
variety of tumors, but resistance during treatment is a major issue. In this review, we describe …

Understanding resistance to antibody to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1; anti-PD-1)
is crucial for the development of reversal strategies. In anti-PD-1-resistant models …