Heterotrimeric G proteins are key players in transmembrane signaling by coupling a huge
variety of receptors to channel proteins, enzymes, and other effector molecules. Multiple …

GPCRs represent the largest family of integral membrane proteins and were first identified
as receptor proteins that couple via heterotrimeric G‐proteins to regulate a vast variety of …

Gβγ subunits from heterotrimeric G proteins perform a vast array of functions in cells with
respect to signaling, often independently as well as in concert with Gα subunits. However …

Phototransduction is the process by which light triggers an electrical signal in a
photoreceptor cell. Image-forming vision in vertebrates is mediated by two types of …

1. Introduction 22. Heterotrimeric G-protein structure 32.1. G-protein α subunit 32.2. G-
protein βγ dimer 82.3. Unique role of Gβ5 in complexes with RGS proteins 92.4 …

Signaling through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) underlies many cellular processes,
yet it is not known which molecules determine the duration of signaling in intact cells. Two …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate many cellular and physiological processes,
responding to a diverse range of extracellular stimuli including hormones, neurotransmitters …

Retinal photoreceptors are highly differentiated postmitotic neurons that transduce photons
into electrical signals. While the functions of many photoreceptor‐specific genes can be …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transmit information to the cell interior by transducing
external signals to heterotrimeric G protein subunits, Gα and Gβγ subunits, localized on the …

G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways mediate the transmission of signals from the
extracellular environment to the generation of cellular responses, a process that is critically …