Non‐consumptive predator effects (NCEs) are now widely recognised for their capacity to
shape ecosystem structure and function. Yet, forecasting the propagation of these predator …

In focusing on how organisms' generalizable functional properties (traits) interact
mechanistically with environments across spatial scales and levels of biological …

Aposematic theory has historically predicted that predators should select for warning signals
to converge on a single form, as a result of frequency‐dependent learning. However …

Antipredator strategies of the pupal stage in insects have received little attention in
comparison to larval or adult stages. This is despite the fact that predation risk can be high …

A critical function of animal coloration is avoiding attack, either by warning predators or
reducing detectability. Evolution of these divergent strategies may depend on prey …

Many chemically-defended/aposematic species rely on diet for sequestering the toxins with
which they defend themselves. This dietary acquisition can lead to variable chemical …

Animals have evolved different defensive strategies to survive predation, among which
chemical defences are particularly widespread and diverse. Here we investigate the function …

The strength of biotic interactions is generally thought to increase toward the equator, but
support for this hypothesis is contradictory. We explored whether predator attacks on …

Insect defense sounds have been reported for centuries. Yet, aside from the well-studied
anti-bat sounds of tiger moths, little is understood about the occurrence, function, and …

Many herbivorous insects selectively accumulate plant toxins for defense against predators;
however, little is known about the transport processes that enable insects to absorb and …