The prevalence of cerebrovascular disease increases with age, placing the elderly at a
greater lifetime risk for dementia. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) encompasses a …

The absolute reliance of the mammalian brain on oxygen to generate ATP renders it acutely
vulnerable to hypoxia, whether at high altitude or in clinical settings of anemia or pulmonary …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease. Numerous studies
have demonstrated a critical role for dysregulated glucose metabolism in its pathogenesis …

Globally, about 400 million people reside at terrestrial altitudes above 1500 m, and more
than 100 million lowlanders visit mountainous areas above 2500 m annually. The …

Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), collectively known as
reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), are the products of normal cellular …

Nitric oxide and other redox active molecules such as oxygen free radicals provide essential
signalling in diverse neuronal functions, but their excess production and insufficient …

Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is the second most common form of
dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, the mechanistic insights into the …

Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia worldwide. It is
caused by cerebrovascular disease, and patients often show severe impairments of …

The brain has impressive energy requirements and paradoxically, very limited energy
reserves, implying its huge dependency on continuous blood supply. Aditionally, cerebral …

Mitochondrial and glycolytic energy pathways regulate the vascular functions. Aging impairs
the cerebrovascular function and increases the risk of stroke and cognitive dysfunction. The …