Biofilms are ubiquitous communities of tightly associated bacteria encased in an
extracellular matrix. Bacillus subtilis has long served as a robust model organism to examine …

Myxococcus xanthus, like other myxobacteria, is a social bacterium that moves and feeds
cooperatively in predatory groups. On surfaces, rod-shaped vegetative cells move in search …

The capacity to release genetic material into the extracellular medium has been reported in
cultures of numerous species of bacteria, archaea, and fungi, and also in the context of …

The ability to form biofilms is a universal attribute of bacteria. Biofilms are multicellular
communities held together by a self-produced extracellular matrix. The mechanisms that …

Organisms as simple as bacteria can engage in complex collective actions, such as group
motility and fruiting body formation. Some of these actions involve a division of labor, where …

Streptomycetes, soil-dwelling mycelial bacteria that form sporulating aerial branches, have
an exceptionally large number of predicted secreted proteins, including many exported via …

From microbial biofilm communities to multicellular organisms, 3D macroscopic structures
develop through poorly understood interplay between cellular processes and mechanical …

Biofilms represent the predominant mode of microbial growth in the natural environment.
Bacillus subtilis is a ubiquitous Gram-positive soil bacterium that functions as an effective …

The organization of cells, emerging from cell–cell interactions, can give rise to collective
properties. These properties are adaptive when together cells can face environmental …

Biofilm formation is a social behaviour that generates favourable conditions for sustained
survival in the natural environment. For the Gram‐positive bacterium B acillus subtilis the …