Although anxiety disorders represent a major societal problem demanding new therapeutic
targets, these efforts have languished in the absence of a mechanistic understanding of this …

Current medication for anxiety disorders is suboptimal in terms of efficiency and tolerability,
highlighting the need for improved drug treatments. In this review an overview of drugs …

The goal of the present protocol is to describe the forced swim test (FST), which is one of the
most commonly used assays for the study of depressive-like behavior in rodents. The FST is …

Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the gut microbiota affects brain function and
behavior, including depressive behavior. Antidepressants are the main drugs used for …

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as a new important species for studying
mechanisms of brain function and dysfunction. Focusing on selected central nervous system …

Glutamate is a fundamental excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous
system (CNS), playing key roles in memory, neuronal development, and synaptic plasticity …

Chronic stressful life events are risk factors for developing major depression, the
pathophysiology of which is strongly linked to impairments in serotonin (5-HT) …

Although the etiology and expression of psychiatric disorders are complex, mammals show
biologically preserved behavioral and neurobiological responses to valent stimuli which …

The forced swim test (FST) is one of the most commonly used animal models for assessing
antidepressant-like behavior. This protocol details using the FST in rats, which takes place …

The brain sciences are influencing our understanding of human behavior as never before,
from neuropsychiatry and neuroeconomics to neurotheology and neuroaesthetics. Many …