Immune checkpoints are small molecules expressed by immune cells that play critical roles
in maintaining immune homeostasis. Targeting the immune checkpoints cytotoxic T …

Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors is well established as an effective treatment for
non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma. The list of approved indications for treatment with …

The formation of pre-metastatic niche is a key step in the metastatic burden. The pluripotent
factor Lin28B is frequently expressed in breast tumors and is particularly upregulated in the …

The genomes of cancers deficient in mismatch repair contain exceptionally high numbers of
somatic mutations. In a proof-of-concept study, we previously showed that colorectal cancers …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer treatment. However, many cancers
are resistant to ICIs, and the targeting of additional inhibitory signals is crucial for limiting …

Background The immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab is the standard-of-care treatment
for patients with advanced melanoma. Pembrolizumab inhibits the programmed cell death 1 …

The resurgence of cancer immunotherapy stems from an improved understanding of the
tumor microenvironment. The PD-1/PD-L1 axis is of particular interest, in light of promising …

Metabolic reprogramming is involved in the pathogenesis of not only cancers but also
neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases. With the …

Importance Early-phase trials with monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1 (programmed cell
death protein 1) and PD-L1 (programmed cell death 1 ligand 1) have demonstrated durable …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–modified adoptive T-cell therapy has been successfully
applied to the treatment of hematologic malignancies, but faces many challenges in solid …