The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) is the largest known superfamily of secondary active
transporters. MFS transporters are responsible for transporting a broad spectrum of …

Biotic and abiotic surfaces in marine waters are rapidly colonized by microorganisms.
Surface colonization and subsequent biofilm formation and development provide numerous …

Carbohydrates comprise a large fraction of the typical diet, yet humans are only able to
directly process some types of starch and simple sugars. The remainder transits the large …

Soluble sugars serve five main purposes in multicellular organisms: as sources of carbon
skeletons, osmolytes, signals, and transient energy storage and as transport molecules …

Due to the misuse of antibiotics, the emerging drug-resistance of pathogenic microbes has
aroused considerable concerns for the public health, which demands the continuous search …

The past two decades have seen a worldwide resurgence in infections caused by
Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the syphilis spirochete. The well-recognized capacity …

Social bees collect carbohydrate-rich food to support their colonies, and yet, certain
carbohydrates present in their diet or produced through the breakdown of pollen are toxic to …

The metabolite 2-oxoglutarate (also known as α-ketoglutarate, 2-ketoglutaric acid, or
oxoglutaric acid) lies at the intersection between the carbon and nitrogen metabolic …

Bacteria use dedicated mechanisms to respond adequately to fluctuating environments and
to optimize their chances of survival in harsh conditions. One of the major stress responses …

Metabolic engineering has been enabling development of high performance microbial
strains for the efficient production of natural and non-natural compounds from renewable …