Emerging data have demonstrated a strong association between the gut microbiota and the
development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as atherosclerosis …

Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (OxLDL) contributes to the atherosclerotic plaque formation
and progression by several mechanisms, including the induction of endothelial cell …

In recent years, accumulating evidence has indicated the importance of gut microbiota in
maintaining human health. Gut dysbiosis is associated with the pathogenesis of a number of …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by inappropriate
hyperglycemia due to lack of or resistance to insulin. Patients with DM are frequently afflicted …

Atherosclerosis is a life-long illness that begins with risk factors, which in turn contribute to
the development of subclinical disease, followed by the establishment of overt …

Atherosclerosis, characterized by lipid‐rich plaques in the arterial wall, is an age‐related
disorder and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. However, the specific mechanisms …

With the discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the late 1990s, a paradigm shift
in the concept of neoangiogenesis occurred. The identification of circulating EPCs in …

The human gut is heavily colonized by a community of microbiota, primarily bacteria, that
exists in a symbiotic relationship with the host and plays a critical role in maintaining host …

Evidence from epidemiologic studies suggests that periodontal infections are independently
associated with subclinical and clinical atherosclerotic vascular disease. Although the …

The gut microbiota is critical to human health, such as digesting nutrients, forming the
intestinal epithelial barrier, regulating immune function, producing vitamins and hormones …