Highlights•Cities are characterized by altered vegetation, impervious surfaces, and
climate.•Biotic and abiotic factors often interact and have unpredictable complex effects on …

Abstract Purpose of Review Our goal is to provide an overview of how urban heat islands
affect forests and synthesize recent literature on that topic. We focused on direct effects of …

Urban habitats are characterized by impervious surfaces, which increase temperatures and
reduce water availability to plants. The effects of these conditions on herbivorous insects are …

Studies have shown that tree canopies contribute to the reduction of both air temperature (T
a) and surface temperature (T s) in urban areas, while impervious surfaces contribute to an …

Urbanization transforms undeveloped landscapes into built environments, causing changes
in communities and ecological processes. Flying arthropods play important roles in these …

Street trees are components of the urban forest that receive considerable attention across
academic and professional disciplines. They are also one of the most common types of …

Sleeper species are innocuous native or naturalized species that exhibit invasive
characteristics and become pests in response to environmental change. Climate warming is …

Urbanization is an important driver of the diversity and abundance of tree‐associated insect
herbivores, but its consequences for insect herbivory are poorly understood. A likely source …

Urban trees often host greater insect pest abundance than trees in rural forests. This may be
due, in part, to differences in tree diversity and canopy cover between these settings. Urban …

Impervious surfaces are a ubiquitous urban feature that increase temperature and tree
drought stress and are a demonstrated indicator of Acer rubrum L. tree condition and insect …