The resource-based view posits that firms achieve competitive advantage from value
creation through firm-specific investments held by key stakeholders: employees, suppliers …

Impersonal cooperation among strangers enables societies to create valuable public goods,
such as infrastructure, public services, and democracy. Several factors have been proposed …

The exclusion of freeriders from common privileges or public acceptance is widely found in
the real world. Current models on the evolution of cooperation with incentives mostly …

Under a great variety of legally relevant circumstances, people have to decide whether or
not to cooperate when they face an incentive to defect. The law sometimes provides people …

The idea that strong situations restrict variance in behaviors has been treated as a maxim in
psychology. Prior work has, however, offered inconclusive support for this proposition. We …

Exclusion has long been employed as a common disciplinary measure against defectors,
both at work and in social life. In this paper, we study the effect of excludability–exclusion of …

Recent work in experimental economics on the effectiveness of rewards and punishments
for promoting cooperation mainly examines decentralized incentive systems where all group …

A burgeoning problem facing organizations is the loss of workgroup productivity due to
cyberloafing. The current paper examines how changes in the decision-making rights about …

The effect of sanctions on cooperation depends on social and cultural norms. While free
riding is kept at bay by altruistic punishment in certain cultures, antisocial punishment …

We analyze the behavioral determinants of extreme punishment in intergroup conflict.
Individuals contribute to team production by a tedious real effort task. Teams compete for a …