Although changes to visual acuity in spaceflight have been observed in some astronauts
since the early days of the space program, the impact to the crew was considered minor …

Background The role of the extracranial venous system in the pathology of central nervous
system (CNS) disorders and aging is largely unknown. It is acknowledged that the …

Importance Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is characterized by
restricted venous outflow from the brain and spinal cord. Whether this condition is …

Objectives Acquiring central venous pressure (CVP), an important clinical parameter,
requires an invasive procedure, which poses risk to patients. The aim of the study was to …

Extracranial venous abnormalities, especially jugular venous outflow disturbance, were
originally viewed as nonpathological phenomena due to a lack of realization and …

Under the auspices of the International Society for Neurovascular Disease (ISNVD), four
expert panel committees were created from the ISNVD membership between 2011 and …

To analyze the presence of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency parameter and
vascular abnormalities, in the internal jugular veins (IJVs) and/or vertebral veins in sitting …

In 2006, Zamboni reintroduced the concept that chronic impaired venous outflow of the
central nervous system is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), coining the term of chronic …

Purpose To evaluate relationship between Meniere disease (MD) and chronic cerebrospinal
venous insufficiency (CCSVI) using ultrasound, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and …

The extra-cranial venous system is complex and not well studied in comparison to the
peripheral venous system. A newly proposed vascular condition, named chronic …