The Martini model, a coarse‐grained force field for molecular dynamics simulations, has
been around for nearly two decades. Originally developed for lipid‐based systems by the …

BACKGROUND The harvesting of photons is the first step in photosynthesis, the biological
process that transforms solar energy into chemical energy. The photosynthetic membranes …

The coarse-grained Martini force field is widely used in biomolecular simulations. Here we
present the refined model, Martini 3 (http://cgmartini. nl), with an improved interaction …

In oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, light energy is captured by antenna systems and
transferred to photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) to drive photosynthesis,. The …

Photosynthetic water oxidation by Photosystem II (PSII) is a fascinating process because it
sustains life on Earth and serves as a blue print for scalable synthetic catalysts required for …

Cell membranes contain a large variety of lipid types and are crowded with proteins,
endowing them with the plasticity needed to fulfill their key roles in cell functioning. The …

Membrane lipids interact with proteins in a variety of ways, ranging from providing a stable
membrane environment for proteins to being embedded in to detailed roles in complicated …

The detailed understanding of the binding of small molecules to proteins is the key for the
development of novel drugs or to increase the acceptance of substrates by enzymes …

Structural dynamics of water and its hydrogen-bonding networks play an important role in
enzyme function via the transport of protons, ions, and substrates. To gain insights into these …

Glycoscience assembles all the scientific disciplines involved in studying various molecules
and macromolecules containing carbohydrates and complex glycans. Such an ensemble …