Tumors are not only aggregates of malignant cells but also well-organized complex
ecosystems. The immunological components within tumors, termed the tumor immune …

Cancer is a clonal disorder derived from a single ancestor cell and its progenies that are
positively selected by acquisition of 'driver mutations'. However, the evolution of positively …

Somatic mutations drive the development of cancer and may contribute to ageing and other
diseases,. Despite their importance, the difficulty of detecting mutations that are only present …

The extent of somatic mutation and clonal selection in the human bladder remains unknown.
We sequenced 2097 bladder microbiopsies from 20 individuals using targeted (n= 1914 …

Hypoxia is a remarkable trait of the tumor microenvironment (TME). When facing selective
pressure, tumor cells show various adaptive characteristics, such as changes in the …

Somatic mutations that accumulate in normal tissues are associated with ageing and
disease,. Here we performed a comprehensive genomic analysis of 1,737 morphologically …

Somatic mosaicism, the occurrence of multiple genetically distinct cell clones within the
same tissue, is an evitable consequence of human aging. The hematopoietic system is no …

Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is one of the common urothelial cancers. Its
molecular pathogenesis, however, is poorly understood, with no useful biomarkers available …

Aristolochia, a genus in the magnoliid order Piperales, has been famous for centuries for its
highly specialized flowers and wide medicinal applications. Here, we present a new, high …

Aristolochic acids (AAs) are a group of naturally occurring compounds present in many plant
species of the Aristolochiaceae family. Exposure to AA is a significant risk factor for severe …