Modern biomedicine aims to develop integrated solutions that use medical,
biotechnological, materials science, and engineering concepts to create functional …

This paper presents a systematic review of a key sector of the much promising and rapidly
evolving field of biomedical engineering, specifically on the fabrication of three-dimensional …

Very large bone defects significantly diminish the vascular, blood, and nutrient supply to the
injured site, reducing the bone's ability to self-regenerate and complicating treatment …

In the clinical treatment of fractures, rhBMP-2 administration is associated with a well-
established profile of side-effects, including osteolysis and ectopic bone formation, which …

Several million people worldwide have become witnesses of orthopedic ailments every
year, resulting in an urgent need to develop biomimetic bone grafts. The bone's ability to self …

Objectives: In order to ensure improved and accelerated bone regeneration, nano-
hydroxyapatite scaffolds are often enriched with different bioactive components to further …

Hydroxyapatite, both synthetic and natural, has become a popular composite material in
bone tissue engineering because it is very similar to the structure and properties of bone. In …

We thank Dr. Shen for their interest in our study [1, 2]. Dr. Shen raises important points on
the effect of critical care interventions on blood pressure, the impact of blood pressure …

In large bone defects the self-healing capacity is insufficient, and the current standard
treatment, autologous bone grafting, has severe disadvantages such as limited availability …

We aimed to establish a new method of obtaining femur anteroposterior radiographs from
live rats. We used five adult male Sprague–Dawley rats and created a femoral fracture …