Thermochemical processes, which include pyrolysis, torrefaction, gasification, combustion,
and hydrothermal conversions, are perceived to be more efficient in converting waste …

Effective methods of biomass characterization are needed for energy production due to the
increase in biomass to bioenergy conversion capacity and the availability of various …

Biomass pretreatment is an essential step prior to several thermochemical conversion
processes. Wet torrefaction, a biomass pretreatment method in hydrothermal media or hot …

Use of biomass for energy production is increasing, so management of the resultant ash is
important. This review compares current and future production, chemical composition, and …

Wet torrefaction (WT) is a sustainable subcritical water pretreatment technology to upgrade
moist biomass into hydrochar solid fuel with superior fuel properties with the avoidance of …

This work contrasted gaseous emissions of carbon, sulfur and nitrogen oxides from
combustion of several types of biomass including woody, herbaceous and crop-derived …

Torrefaction can upgrade the properties of biomass by reducing its oxygen content. In this
study, the effects of torrefaction pretreatment on four different lignocellulosic biomass …

Microalgal biomass is the third-generation promising feedstock for production of biofuel and
other valuable goods. The raw microalgal biomass and residues have low calorific value …

Many correlations are available in the literature to predict the higher heating value (HHV) of
raw biomass using the proximate and ultimate analyses. Studies on biomass torrefaction are …

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) can improve biomass quality in both physical and
chemical aspects for energy application. This study aims to investigate the characteristics …