This article sheds new light on the long-run evolution of political cleavages in 21 Western
democracies. We exploit a new database on the socioeconomic determinants of the vote …

This study uses surveys from the past 60 years to study union membership in Denmark,
France, West Germany, Italy, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We first …

Affective polarisation measured with feelings towards parties tends to overestimate the
degree to which people dislike voters of opposing parties. This paper explores some of the …

This article examines whether the theory of the 'revenge of the places that don't
matter'applies to urban districts within a metropolis like Rome, Italy. To contribute to this …

Classical electoral behaviour theories have associated possible benefits of negative
campaigning with two-party plurality systems due to their zero-sum nature. Nevertheless …

Current definitions of populism are insufficiently determinate. They fail to distinguish
between populism and nationalism. We propose to remedy this problem by advancing a …

The Republic of Ireland has undergone a seismic religious and social transformation in
recent decades. Through the processes of secularization and detraditionalization, as well as …

Most Western countries in the post-war period have had a clear left-right political divide, with
opposing coalitions often alternating in power. Left-wing parties were traditionally supported …

In 2022, Ireland was the second-wealthiest country in the world as measured by GDP per
capita (World Bank Open Data, 2024). Despite this, the status of the border region in Ireland …

The paper offers a critical literature review of existing explanations for new party success in
Central and Eastern Europe after the fall of communism in 1989. The paper presents the …