Changing El Niño–Southern oscillation in a warming climate

W Cai, A Santoso, M Collins, B Dewitte… - Nature Reviews Earth & …, 2021 - nature.com
Originating in the equatorial Pacific, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has highly
consequential global impacts, motivating the need to understand its responses to …

Climate impacts of the El Niño–southern oscillation on South America

W Cai, MJ McPhaden, AM Grimm… - Nature Reviews Earth & …, 2020 - nature.com
Abstract The climate of South America (SA) has long held an intimate connection with El
Niño, historically describing anomalously warm sea-surface temperatures off the coastline of …

A self-attention–based neural network for three-dimensional multivariate modeling and its skillful ENSO predictions

L Zhou, RH Zhang - Science Advances, 2023 - science.org
Large biases and uncertainties remain in real-time predictions of El Niño–Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) using process-based dynamical models; recent advances in data-driven …

El Niño–southern oscillation complexity

A Timmermann, SI An, JS Kug, FF Jin, W Cai… - Nature, 2018 - nature.com
El Niño events are characterized by surface warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean and
weakening of equatorial trade winds that occur every few years. Such conditions are …

Temporal convolutional networks for the advance prediction of ENSO

J Yan, L Mu, L Wang, R Ranjan, AY Zomaya - Scientific reports, 2020 - nature.com
Abstract El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which is one of the main drivers of Earth's
inter-annual climate variability, often causes a wide range of climate anomalies, and the …

On the future zonal contrasts of equatorial Pacific climate: Perspectives from Observations, Simulations, and Theories

S Lee, M L'Heureux, AT Wittenberg, R Seager… - Npj Climate and …, 2022 - nature.com
Abstract Changes in the zonal gradients of sea surface temperature (SST) across the
equatorial Pacific have major consequences for global climate. Therefore, accurate future …

Very strong atmospheric methane growth in the 4 years 2014–2017: Implications for the Paris Agreement

EG Nisbet, MR Manning… - Global …, 2019 - Wiley Online Library
Atmospheric methane grew very rapidly in 2014 (12.7±0.5 ppb/year), 2015 (10.1±0.7
ppb/year), 2016 (7.0±0.7 ppb/year), and 2017 (7.7±0.7 ppb/year), at rates not observed …

The defining characteristics of ENSO extremes and the strong 2015/2016 El Niño

A Santoso, MJ Mcphaden, W Cai - Reviews of Geophysics, 2017 - Wiley Online Library
The year 2015 was special for climate scientists, particularly for the El Niño Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) research community, as a major El Niño finally materialized after a long …

Explaining extreme events of 2016 from a climate perspective

SC Herring, N Christidis, A Hoell… - Bulletin of the …, 2018 - journals.ametsoc.org
Editors note: For easy download the posted pdf of the Explaining Extreme Events of 2016 is
a very low-resolution file. A high-resolution copy of the report is available by clicking. Please …

Increasing thermal stress for tropical coral reefs: 1871–2017

JM Lough, KD Anderson, TP Hughes - Scientific reports, 2018 - nature.com
Tropical corals live close to their upper thermal limit making them vulnerable to unusually
warm summer sea temperatures. The resulting thermal stress can lead to breakdown of the …