Stress in teleosts is an increasingly studied topic because of its interaction with growth,
reproduction, immune system and ultimately fitness of the animal. Whether it is for evaluating …

Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid released during stress responses in most fish and has
been employed to investigate different stressors, including organic pollutants. This review …

Fish exhibit complex social behaviours that can influence their stress levels and well-being.
However, little is known about the link between social interactions and stress in wild fish …

Cortisol, the end product of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis, has been
traditionally measured in blood as indicator of stress in fish, however, the degree of …

Stocking density and hypoxia are considered priority issues in aquaculture research. In this
study, two experiments were carried out in order to investigate the effects of chronic stress …

Fish faced with stressful stimuli launch an endocrine stress response through activation of
the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI-) axis to release cortisol into the blood …

Repetitive aquaculture-related protocols may act as cyclic stressors that induce chronic
stress in cultured fish. The sea bass is particularly sensitive to stressful conditions and the …

Plasma cortisol is the most commonly used indicator of stress in fish but, as the blood
sampling procedure itself can be a source of stress, it would be helpful to measure cortisol …

Underwater sound generated by pile driving during construction of offshore wind farms is a
major concern in many countries. This paper reports on the acoustic stress responses in …

Vertebrates display a wide variety of parental care behaviours, including the guarding of
offspring pre and post nutritional independence as well as the direct provision of nutrients …