Topical products, widely used to manage skin conditions, have evolved from simple potions
to sophisticated delivery systems. Their development has been facilitated by advances in …

The 7th amendment to the EU Cosmetics Directive prohibits to put animal-tested cosmetics
on the market in Europe after 2013. In that context, the European Commission invited …

Three dimensional (3D) tissue models of the human skin are probably the most developed
and understood in vitro engineered constructs. The motivation to accomplish organotypic …

The assessment of genotoxicity represents an essential component of the safety assessment
of all types of substances. Several in vitro tests are available at different stages of …

Wound healing is a complex process in which a tissue's individual cells have to be
orchestrated in an efficient and robust way. We integrated multiplex protein analysis …

Abstract The International Comet Assay Workshops are a series of scientific conferences
dealing with practical and theoretical aspects of the Comet Assay (single-cell gel …

The staggering cost of bringing a drug to market coupled with the extremely high failure rate
of prospective compounds in early phase clinical trials due to unexpected human toxicity …

Transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS) have numerous pharmacological benefits. Drug
release, for example, is independent of whether a patient is in a fed or a fasted state, and …

The 7th Amendment to the EU Cosmetics Directive prohibits the use of animals in cosmetic
testing for certain endpoints, such as genotoxicity. Therefore, skin in vitro models have to …

The toxicological relevance of the micronucleus (MN) test is well defined: it is a multi-target
genotoxic endpoint, assessing not only clastogenic and aneugenic events but also some …