Recent studies have established that dysregulation of the human immune system and the
reactivation of latent herpesviruses persists for the duration of a 6-month orbital spaceflight …

The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a major public health
concern across the globe. SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh coronavirus that is known to cause …

Latent herpes virus reactivation has been demonstrated in astronauts during shuttle (10–16
days) and International Space Station (≥ 180 days) flights. Following reactivation, viruses …

Fingolimod (Gilenya) received regulatory approval from the US FDA in 2010 as the first-in-
class sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor (S1PR) modulator and was the first oral …

In recent years, there has been a paradigm shift in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS)
owing to the approval of a number of new drugs with very distinct mechanisms of action. All …

Importance Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections increasingly are reported in patients with
multiple sclerosis (MS) and constitute an area of significant concern, especially with the …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory disorder of the central nervous
system (CNS) in young adults. When MS is not treated, it leads to irreversible and severe …

Over the recent years, the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica
spectrum disorder (NMOSD) has evolved very rapidly and a large number of disease …

Background The present review is part of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and
Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Infections in Compromised Hosts (ESGICH) …

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated and neurodegenerative
disease with an unpredictable outcome. Immune-modulatory treatment aims at decreasing …