In recent decades, academia has elaborated a wide range of technological solutions to
recover water, energy, fertiliser and other products from municipal wastewater treatment …

Net-zero emission and self-sustaining carbon-neutral have been widely encouraged and
intensively explored in wastewater treatment, as the wastewater industry accounts for …

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) consume high amounts of energy which is mostly
purchased from the grid. During the past years, many ongoing measures have taken place …

To maximize energy recovery, carbon capture followed by shortcut nitrogen removal is
becoming the most promising route in biological wastewater treatment. As the intermediate …

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions account for the majority of the carbon footprint of wastewater
treatment plants (WWTPs). Many N2O mitigation strategies have since been developed …

Nitrogen and phosphorous are key pollutants in wastewater to be removed and recovered
for sustainable development. Traditionally, nitrogen removal is practiced through energy …

The operation of wastewater treatment plants results in direct emissions, from the biological
processes, of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and …

Many wastewater treatment plants in the world do not remove reactive nitrogen from
wastewater prior to release into the environment. Excess reactive nitrogen not only has a …

Improving environmental quality and achieving a circular economy require developing
wastewater resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) under stringent discharge standards. As a …

Urban water infrastructure and the institutions responsible for its management have
gradually evolved over the past two centuries. Today, they are under increasing stress as …