The cellular membrane constitutes one of the most fundamental compartments of a living
cell, where key processes such as selective transport of material and exchange of …

In classical G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation, GPCRs couple to a variety of
heterotrimeric G proteins on the membrane and then activate downstream signaling …

Delta and mu opioid receptors (DORs and MORs) are inhibitory G protein-coupled receptors
that reportedly cooperatively regulate the transmission of pain messages by substance P …

This review focuses on recent advances in the structure-function relationships of thyroid-
stimulating hormone (TSH) and its receptor. TSH is a member of the glycoprotein hormone …

Thromboxane A2 receptors (TPs) are widely distributed among different organ systems and
have been localized on both cell membranes and intracellular structures. Following the …

The monomeric model of rhodopsin‐like G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) has
progressively yielded the floor to the concept of GPCRs being oligo (di) mers, but the …

Heterodimerization has been shown to modulate the ligand binding, signaling, and
trafficking properties of G protein-coupled receptors. However, to what extent …

Although classical models predict that G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) function as
monomers, several recent studies acknowledge that GPCRs exist as dimeric or oligomeric …

Opioids are among the most effective analgesics available and are the first choice in the
treatment of acute severe pain. However, partial efficacy, a tendency to produce tolerance …

Background and Purpose The apelin receptor (APJ) is often co‐expressed with the
angiotensin II type‐1 receptor (AT 1) and acts as an endogenous counter‐regulator. Apelin …