COVID-19, which is caused by the SARS-CoV-2, has ravaged the world for the past 2 years.
Here, we review the current state of research into the disease with focus on its history …

Over 10 million doses of COVID‐19 vaccines based on RNA technology, viral vectors,
recombinant protein, and inactivated virus have been administered worldwide. Although …

Highlights•Variation in both HLA and SARS-CoV-2 impact antigen presentation to T
cells.•HLA variation influences COVID-19 outcomes and T-cell responses to SARS-CoV …

Background Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare but serious
complication of infection with SARS-CoV-2. A possible involvement of pathogenetically …

Background COVID-19 is associated with several risk factors such as distinct ethnicities
(genetic ancestry), races, sexes, age, pre-existing comorbidities, smoking, and genetics. The …

HLA is crucial for appropriate immune responses in several viral infections, as well as in
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS CoV‐2). The unpredictable nature …

Background COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus called as
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Detected for the first …

The novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection has become a global health concern, causing
the COVID-19 pandemic. The disease symptoms and outcomes depend on the host …

SARS-CoV-2 appears to induce diverse innate and adaptive immune responses, resulting in
different clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Due to their function in presenting viral …

Aging processes, including immunosenescence, inflammation, inflammasome formation,
genomic instability, telomeric attrition, and altered autophagy, are involved in viral infections …