The multifunctional protein, voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), is located on the
mitochondrial outer membrane. It is a pivotal protein that maintains mitochondrial function to …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder,
worldwide. PD neuro-energetically affects the extrapyramidal system, by the progressive …

Abstract cGAS senses microbial and host-derived double-stranded DNA in cytoplasm to
trigger cellular innate immune response in a STING-dependent manner; however, it remains …

Microglia are the immune effector cells of the brain playing critical roles in immune
surveillance and neuroprotection in healthy conditions, while they can sustain …

The association of airborne particulate matter exposure with the deteriorating function of the
cardiovascular system is fundamentally driven by the impairment of mitochondrial-nuclear …

Aging is accompanied by a decline in DNA repair efficiency, which leads to the
accumulation of different types of DNA damage. Age-associated chronic inflammation and …

Neutrophils are rarely found in the brain because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but
several diseases disrupt the BBB and cause neuroinflammation. In these settings …

Ageing is an unavoidable multi-factorial process, characterised by a gradual decrease in
physiological functionality and increasing vulnerability of the organism to environmental …

Background Age-related chronic inflammatory process is often referred to as “inflammaging”,
which had been described in several human disorders, including sarcopenia. Recently …

Stress is an important factor in the development of several human pathologies. The
response of rodents and humans to stress depends on many factors; some people and …